Given into consideration that all of the surgeries in our cohort were done by two neurosurgeons and the EOR did not show any significant differences. The findings provide fascinating insight into the neural resources that facilitate bilingual language use and are discussed in terms of how early-life language experiences can modify the neural systems underlying human language processing. A significantly lower extent of resection was achieved in bilingual patients in comparison to monolingual patients (64.8 vs 80.9, respectively) (P 0.04), with a significantly higher post-operative residual tumor volume in bilingual patients in comparison to the monolingual patients (13.5 vs 8.1 cm3, respectively) (P 0.03) (Table 1). Later-exposed bilinguals showed greater recruitment of the prefrontal cortex relative to early-exposed bilinguals and monolinguals. Monolinguals) were computed vertexwise while controlling for potential effects of age and gender. However, age of first bilingual exposure does matter. F statistics for the main effect of Group (Bilinguals vs. Early bilingual exposure imparts fundamental changes to classic language areas instead of alterations to brain regions governing higher cognitive executive functions. Task and a Stroop Task individually and both behavioural and brain activation data (Fp1 and Fp2. However, important differences were observed between early-exposed and later-exposed bilinguals in their earliest-exposed language. performance compared to their monolingual counterparts. Bilingual participants included early-exposed (bilingual exposure from birth) and later-exposed individuals (bilingual exposure between ages 4–6).īoth bilingual children and adults showed greater neural activation in left-hemisphere classic language areas, and additionally, right-hemisphere homologues (Right Superior Temporal Gyrus, Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus). We compared how typically-developing bilingual and monolingual children (ages 7–10) and adults recruit brain areas during sentence processing using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) brain imaging.
Is the developing bilingual brain fundamentally similar to the monolingual brain (e.g., neural resources supporting language and cognition)? Or, does early-life bilingual language experience change the brain? If so, how does age of first bilingual exposure impact neural activation for language?
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